[USCC] P accumulation in manured fields
frank
frank at compostlab.com
Wed Sep 6 18:22:28 CDT 2006
Rufus,
I realize it is complicated, very complicated, when estimating if a
compost applied to the field will run-off into a stream and the fraction
of P that will do harm.
It will be interesting to see what they finally come up with.
Frank
Rufus Chaney wrote:
>U.S. COMPOSTING COUNCIL 15th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND TRADESHOW
>Wyndham Orlando Resort | Orlando, FL | January 21-24, 2007
>The National forum for those involved in the development and expansion of the composting and organics recycling industry
>CONFERENCE PROGRAM, REGISTRATION FORMS, WORKSHOP AGENDAS,
>EXHIBITOR INFORMATION AND SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE AT THE USCC WEBSITE: www.compostingcouncil.org OR CALL THE USCC AT 631-737-4931
>
>
>Frank:
>
>Let me say again, the need is for an extraction that has results highly correlated with potential runoff or leaching of P (R2, not slope). The calibration will be first established with rainfall simulator testing. So far the data support the 1:100 extraction ratio. I can't explain the rest because I don't know all the bureaucracy of Phosphate runoff scientists, but they are working toward an expert agreed method for this extraction that will be relevant to soil, manure, composts, and biosolids. Because each sample can have a different ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphate adsorption capacity, the ability of each source to supply P will be called the "Source Factor". That will be combined with all the other factors which affect actual runoff or leaching (slope, cover, barriers before stream, etc.) to set whether more P application will be allowed under Nutrient Management Planning. Of course, politics can enter the process and set limits without technical basis as one stat
> e did for fertilizers applied in cities to make up for the difficulty caused to farmers by the rules being imposed.
>
>The group doing this Regional research is the SARA-17 group. Excellent phosphate and environmental scientists who are trying to develop simple and inexpensive methods to achieve the needed protection of surface water. You may contact them directly and argue for a method you think would do the job.
>
>Regards,
>
>Rufus
>
>
>
>>>>frank <frank at compostlab.com> 09/06/06 01:17PM >>>
>>>>
>>>>
>U.S. COMPOSTING COUNCIL 15th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND TRADESHOW
>Wyndham Orlando Resort | Orlando, FL | January 21-24, 2007
>The National forum for those involved in the development and expansion of the composting and organics recycling industry
>CONFERENCE PROGRAM, REGISTRATION FORMS, WORKSHOP AGENDAS,
>EXHIBITOR INFORMATION AND SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE AT THE USCC WEBSITE: www.compostingcouncil.org OR CALL THE USCC AT 631-737-4931
>
>
>Rufus, David, Larry and others;
>
>I suggest a procedure something like this:
>Using an Imhoff cone like the settling solids procedure in Standard
>Methods (2540F settleable solids) where you add a 50 gram sample dry
>wt(?)/ fill to liter mark with water/ stir well/ let settle for 45 min /
>"gently agitate sample near the sides of the cone with a rod or by
>spinning" / wait 15 min. Then pour off the top 100 mls of liquid
>(include floatables) and digest in strong acid to get total P using ICP.
>
>This will get something like what will be in the run-off including
>floatables and suspended sediment and will be the "total run-off P" -
>the total P that is, or will be, available. This will include: (1)
>total dissolved P (2) total reactive P (3) suspended acid hydrolyzable P
>and (4) suspended organic P.
>
>It will be a reproducible test method using standard equipment.
>
>Frank
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>David Schellinger wrote:
>
>
>
>>U.S. COMPOSTING COUNCIL 15th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND TRADESHOW
>>Wyndham Orlando Resort | Orlando, FL | January 21-24, 2007
>>The National forum for those involved in the development and expansion of the composting and organics recycling industry
>>CONFERENCE PROGRAM, REGISTRATION FORMS, WORKSHOP AGENDAS,
>>EXHIBITOR INFORMATION AND SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE AT THE USCC WEBSITE: www.compostingcouncil.org OR CALL THE USCC AT 631-737-4931
>>
>>
>>Rufus and Frank,
>>I have wonder if the water extraction used on soils, even though it is
>>adequate for testing plant available soil P concentrations, will be adequate
>>for testing compost plant available P. Water tends to take on the pH of the
>>materials to which it is added, so water an acid soil would be at the
>>approximate pH of the soil, which is adequate for determining solubility of
>>P under the existing soil conditions. But compost is a soil amendment.
>>
>>If I extracted a high pH compost or manure with water but the compost was
>>used to amend an acid soil, wouldn't the potential availability of P from
>>the material be influence by the change in conditions; would the soluble
>>fraction of P be increased do to changes in the pH in the surrounding soil?
>>Therefore, would the extraction of P from compost or manure using water
>>underestimate the available P under such circumstances? So, is water
>>extraction the best method for estimating available P or would dilute acid
>>extraction be more adequate to determine the "potential" available fraction
>>of P in a compost?
>>
>>Dave Schellinger
>>W. A. Callegari Environmental Center
>>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: compost-bounces at composter.com [mailto:compost-bounces at composter.com]
>>On Behalf Of Rufus Chaney
>>Sent: Wednesday, August 30, 2006 12:25 PM
>>To: compost at composter.com
>>Subject: Re: [USCC] P accumulation in manured fields
>>
>>U.S. COMPOSTING COUNCIL 15th ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND TRADESHOW
>>Wyndham Orlando Resort | Orlando, FL | January 21-24, 2007
>>The National forum for those involved in the development and expansion of
>>the composting and organics recycling industry
>>CONFERENCE PROGRAM, REGISTRATION FORMS, WORKSHOP AGENDAS,
>>EXHIBITOR INFORMATION AND SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE AT THE
>>USCC WEBSITE: www.compostingcouncil.org OR CALL THE USCC AT 631-737-4931
>>
>>
>>Dear Frank and USCC Folks:
>>
>>You raise an important issue, and I have to report that the needed method
>>has not been adopted at this date.
>>
>>1. It has been found in numerous studies by now that soil test P (Mehlich,
>>Bray, Olsen, etc.) does not correlate very well with runoff or leaching of
>>P. These extractants have chemicals which are supposed to dissolve P that
>>the roots can dissolve and absorb, and that pool of P is different from the
>>P which enters runoff or leaches.
>>
>>2. We published several examples of the disagreement between soil-test-P
>>(STP) and water soluble P (WSP) and the ability of added Water Treatment
>>Residue to lower the WSP vs. STP in our paper in the last Composting
>>Conference Proceedings, and the Bio-Based Plant Nutrient Product
>>proceedings.
>>
>>3. According to the leaders in this field of research and extension, an
>>extraction of soil with pure water at 1 g dry soil per 100 mL, and measuring
>>the free inorganic "reactive" phosphate in the millipore filtered extract,
>>is the best correlated measure of P in field runoff tests. We have used this
>>ratio (Codling, Chaney et al.) and believe it is likely to be the ratio
>>adopted within a few years. Agreement that a STP should not be the
>>extraction used to predict risk of P in soil or manure is quite wide among
>>researchers. Papers about the water extraction will be appearing for several
>>years, and some official method may be selected soon.
>>
>>4. One example is reported in the paper: Kleinman, P.J.A., A.N. Sharpley,
>>A.M. Wolf, D.B. Beegle and P.A. Moore, Jr. 2002. Measuring water-extractable
>>phosphorus in manure as an indicator of phosphorus in runoff. Soil Sci. Soc.
>>Am. J. 66:2009-2015. This specific method is pretty much what is being
>>considered by experts on phosphate runoff.
>>
>>Regards,
>>
>>Rufus Chaney
>>Beltsville, MD
>>----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>---------
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>>>frank at compostlab.com 08/29/06 12:50PM >>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>Rufus,
>>
>>First I wonder what type of P test should be done on compost to measure the
>>'problem' phosphorus?
>>
>>I suggest 'Dissolved acid-hydrolyzable phosphorus'. But first we should know
>>if when using this method adding Al to the compost will reduce the measured
>>P -as we need it to do if we use Al to solve the problem.
>>
>>SM 4500 Method: filter a water extract (suggest 1:5 w/w) thru 45um pore
>>membrane filter / add dilute acid and boil for 90 min.
>>
>>Frank
>>---------------------------
>>(snip)
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>High P accumulation in soil is already regulated in some states.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>Imperfectly regulated. Composts are not yet strongly regulated in relation
>>to plant available or water soluble P in the amended soil, but regs are
>>moving toward limiting the Water Extractable Phosphate (WEP) of the soil
>>amendment or amended soil. Slopes and other factors which affect runoff and
>>erosion are increasing included in planned regulations for manure P
>>applications.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>--------------------------
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>(snip)
>>>
>>>Most evidence shows that the P is adsorbed on Fe and Al hydroxides,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>although some is slowly converted to inorganic compounds of P in the soil or
>>diffuses inside the micropores in the oxides. Plants can utilize the
>>adsorbed and organic P, and even the P compounds, by the mechanisms they use
>>within the rhizosphere to dissolve and absorb soil P for normal soils. We
>>did one test of the P available to wheat from soils on my long term
>>biosolids plots at Beltsvsille and found that with no P fertilizer the wheat
>>obtained adequate P for full growth. So the P adsorbed on Fe and Al has
>>remained plant available. Other's research also supports this conclusion.
>>.....
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>>Regards,
>>>
>>>Rufus Chaney
>>>Beltsville, MD
>>>
>>>
>>>-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>Jerry d'Aquin, Con-Sul, Inc.
>>> One area which is of concern to me on a multi-decade time horizon is
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>the practice of applying alum to fields receiving high doses of poultry
>>litter. This approach has been promoted by the U of Arkansas as a means to
>>convert soluble P in litter to an insoluble form. This permits high-volume
>>litter applications while limiting P runoff and percolation into surface
>>and ground waters. In my mind, we are (at best) over-accumulating ground P
>>until the point when it again becomes an issue (if it ever ceased being so)
>>AND artificially injecting Al as aluminum phosphate into a long term
>>equation -- rather than simply "biting the bullet" and dispersing litter
>>over a larger area and at doses appropriate for requisite nutrient uptake
>>of those crops. Am I wrong regarding the use of alum?
>>
>>_______________________________________________
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>>This list is a service provided by the US Composting Council.
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>
>>
>>Ongoing Sponsors of the USCC Discussion list are:
>>
>>Food Industry Environmental Network (FIEN), a regulatory and policy e-mail alert service for environmental, food and agricultural industry professionals.
>>Contact Jack Cooper 301/384-8287 JLC at fien.com --- www.fien.com
>>
>>Renewable Carbon Management, LLC with the containerized, in-vessel NaturTech Composting System www.composter.com rcm at composter.com
>>
>>(c) Copyright 2006 United States - All rights reserved
>>
>>Members posting CC copies to the list and other addresses will have their posting privelages suspended. No exceptions!
>>
>>Opinions expressed represent only the poster and are not necessarily the opinion or policy of any organization.
>>
>>Non-members of USCC are encouraged to join the Council through our website at: http://www.compostingcouncil.org/membership.cfm For discussion list policies and information regarding subscribing, unsubscribing, digest or other options, go to:http://mailman.cloudnet.com/mailman/listinfo/compost
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>
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--
Frank Shields
Soil Control Lab
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